In 2024, established players like Gilead/Kite and Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) have reported strong quarterly revenues for their CAR-T portfolios. Meanwhile, pioneering companies such as Bluebird Bio, despite their competitive CGT standing, face mounting pressure from rivals with broader patient populations and more rapid market uptake. Although Bluebird’s ultra-rare disease therapies have begun to produce revenue, larger rivals such as Gilead/Kite and BMS could see more momentum as they tap into larger patient populations.
The broader cell and gene therapy continues to diversify with the third-quarter 2024 edition of the Gene, Cell, + RNA Therapy Landscape Report from ASGCT and Citeline noting a shift toward non-oncology indications, with 51% of newly initiated gene therapy trials targeting conditions beyond cancer. This momentum extends beyond individual approvals — the report identifies 4,099 therapies in development across the pipeline, with gene therapies accounting for 49% of all cell, gene, and RNA therapeutics in development.
The report noted that deal activity remained steady with 101 transactions recorded in Q3 2024 and early-stage financing nearly doubled quarter-over-quarter. The CDMO sector saw prominent acquisitions such as Agilent’s $925M purchase of Biovectra, and global players like ImmunoACT in Mumbai and EdiGene in Beijing advanced new platforms. Major firms like Novartis and Cellectis continued to expand their patent portfolios.
The following table provides a data-driven snapshot of the CGT landscape, including a mix of well-established companies and emerging ventures:
Rank | Organization Name | Headquarters | Description | FDA-Approved CGT Products | Funding Status / Recent Funding | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bluebird Bio | Somerville, MA, USA | Gene therapies for genetic diseases | Zynteglo, Skysona, Lyfgenia | Public (BLUE) | Multiple approved gene therapies for rare diseases. Patents (2020–2024): 15 total (10 gene, 1 vector, 4 cancer) |
2 | Novartis | Basel, Switzerland | Pioneer: CAR-T (Kymriah), Zolgensma (SMA) | Kymriah, Zolgensma | Public | Robust pipeline, global CGT leader. Patents (2020–2024): 95 total (47 gene, 8 vector, 40 cancer) |
3 | Gilead Sciences/Kite Pharma | Foster City, CA, USA | CAR-T therapies for oncology | Yescarta, Tecartus | Public (GILD) | Leading CAR-T franchise in oncology. Patents (2020–2024): 40 total (6 vector, 34 cancer). 2024 sales data strong: Q2: $521M combined, Q3: ~$485M, steady performance. |
4 | Bristol Myers Squibb | New York, NY, USA | Multiple CAR-T approvals | Abecma, Breyanzi | Public (BMY) | Deep CAR-T pipeline, oncology focus. Patents (2020–2024): 164 total (92 gene, 12 vector, 60 cancer). Q3 2024 total revenue +8% YoY to $11.9B; growth portfolio (incl. Breyanzi, Abecma) +18% to $5.8B. |
5 | Roche | Basel, Switzerland | Inherited retinal disease gene therapy | Luxturna | Public | Integrated CGT pipeline, global presence. Patents (2020–2024): 61 total (18 gene, 40 vector, 3 cancer). Elevidys sales Q3 2024: ~30M CHF, exceeding analyst expectations. |
6 | Pfizer | New York, NY, USA | Gene therapy in hemophilia B, others | Beqvez | Public (PFE) | Partnering in gene therapies, robust R&D. Patents (2020–2024): 25 total (6 gene, 5 vector, 14 cancer) |
7 | BioMarin Pharmaceutical | San Rafael, CA, USA | Rare disease gene therapy (hem A) | Roctavian | Public (BMRN) | Pioneer in rare disease gene therapy. Patents (2020–2024): 13 total (13 gene) |
8 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals | Boston, MA, USA | Exa-cel for SCD/β-thalassemia | Casgevy (Exa-cel) | Public (VRTX) | Strong CF base, gene editing collaborations. Patents (2020–2024): 19 total (16 gene, 3 vector) |
9 | Sarepta Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | DMD gene therapy | Elevidys | Public (SRPT) | Leader in RNA/gene for neuromuscular disease. Patents (2020–2024): 11 total (11 gene) |
10 | Adaptimmune Therapeutics | Abingdon, UK | Engineered T-cells for solid tumors | Tecelra | Public (ADAP) | SPEAR T-cell therapies. Patents (2020–2024): 22 total (3 vector, 19 cancer) |
11 | Autolus Therapeutics | London, UK | Next-gen CAR-T | Aucatzyl | Public (AUTL) | Modular CAR-T platforms. Patents (2020–2024): 45 total (5 gene, 40 cancer) |
12 | Krystal Biotech | Pittsburgh, PA, USA | Gene therapy for DEB | Vyjuvek | Public (KRYS) | Topical gene therapy for rare skin disorders. Patents (2020–2024): 9 total (9 gene) |
13 | Orchard Therapeutics | London, UK | Ex vivo gene therapies (rare) | Lenmeldy | Public (ORTX) | Lentiviral ex vivo for inherited disorders |
14 | Gamida Cell | Boston, MA, USA | Cell therapy for BMT (Omisirge) | Omisirge | Public (GMDA) | Improving bone marrow transplant outcomes |
15 | Enzyvant | Durham, NC, USA | Allogeneic processed thymus tissue | Rethymic | Private/Subsidiary | Thymus-based regenerative medicine |
16 | Mesoblast | Melbourne, Australia | Allogeneic MSC therapy (GvHD) | Ryoncil | Public (MESO) | MSC platform for inflammatory diseases |
17 | Astellas Gene Therapies | Boston, MA, USA | Neuromuscular & ocular gene therapies | None | Public (ALPMY) | Expanding CNS/ocular pipeline. Patents (2020–2024): 19 total (14 gene, 5 cancer) |
18 | Bayer | Leverkusen, Germany | Hemophilia gene therapy pipeline | None | Public | Invested heavily in CGT (AskBio, BlueRock integrated). Patents (2020–2024): 12 total (11 gene, 1 vector) |
19 | Intellia Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | CRISPR in vivo editing | None | Public (NTLA) | First systemic in vivo CRISPR trial. Patents (2020–2024): 17 total (14 gene, 3 vector) |
20 | Beam Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | Base editing gene therapies | None | Public (BEAM) | Base editing precision. Patents (2020–2024): 11 total (1 gene, 10 vector) |
21 | REGENXBIO | Rockville, MD, USA | AAV vector platform | None | Public (RGNX) | NAV AAV vectors licensed broadly. Patents (2020–2024): 10 total (8 gene) |
22 | uniQure | Lexington, MA, USA | AAV gene therapies | Hemgenix (with CSL Behring) | Public (QURE) | Hemophilia B gene therapy |
23 | Freeline Therapeutics | Stevenage, UK | AAV for hemophilia & Fabry | None | Public (FRLN) | Next-gen AAV capsids, metabolic/bleeding disorders |
24 | Avrobio | Cambridge, MA, USA | Lentiviral gene therapies for lysosomal disorders | None | Public (AVRO) | Ex vivo lentiviral for metabolic diseases. Funding Status: M&A, Last Funding Date: Feb 1, 2018, $60,000,000 (Series B), Total Funding Amount: $85,000,000, Top Investors: Cormorant Asset Management, Citadel, Atlas Venture, SV Health Investors, Leerink Partners |
25 | Rocket Pharmaceuticals | New York, NY, USA | Lentiviral & AAV for rare diseases | None | Public (RCKT) | Hematologic and cardiac gene therapy pipeline |
26 | Passage Bio | Philadelphia, PA, USA | CNS AAV gene therapies | None | Public (PASG) | UPenn partnership, rare CNS disorders |
27 | Solid Biosciences | Cambridge, MA, USA | DMD gene therapy | None | Public (SLDB) | Microdystrophin gene therapy for DMD |
28 | Homology Medicines | Bedford, MA, USA | In vivo gene editing & gene therapy | None | Public (FIXX) | AAVHSC platform for gene correction. Patents (2020–2024): 8 total (8 gene) |
29 | ElevateBio | Waltham, MA, USA | CGT innovation center | None | Private ($401M Series D) | Enabling platform for multiple CGTs. Funding Status: Late Stage Venture, Last Funding Date: May 24, 2023, Last Funding Amount: $401,000,000 (Series D), Total Funding Amount: $1,246,000,000, Top Investors: Novo Nordisk, Fidelity, Vertex Ventures, Invus, Surveyor Capital |
30 | Sana Biotechnology | Seattle, WA, USA | Ex/in vivo CGT | None | Public (SANA) | Fusogenix, hypoimmune platforms |
31 | Fate Therapeutics | San Diego, CA, USA | iPSC immunotherapies | None | Public (FATE) | Off-the-shelf NK & T-cell therapies. Patents (2020–2024): 7 total (7 cancer) |
32 | Poseida Therapeutics | San Diego, CA, USA | Gene editing allogeneic CAR-T | None | Public (PSTX)* Roche is acquiring | Non-viral gene editing (piggyBac). Patents (2020–2024): 20 total (11 gene, 3 vector, 6 cancer) |
33 | Caribou Biosciences | Berkeley, CA, USA | CRISPR-edited cell therapies | None | Public (CRBU) | chRDNAs for precision CRISPR editing. Patents (2020–2024): 48 total (4 gene, 33 vector, 11 cancer) |
34 | Cellectis | Paris, France | TALEN-based allogeneic CAR-T | None | Public (CLLS) | TALEN gene editing, off-the-shelf CAR-T. Patents (2020–2024): 91 total (12 gene, 20 vector, 59 cancer) |
35 | MeiraGTx | London, UK | AAV for ocular & neuro | None | Public (MGTX) | Vertically integrated gene therapy company. Patents (2020–2024): 15 total (10 vector, 5 gene*). Additional Funding Info (for Tmunity Therapeutics – Rank #35): M&A, Last Funding Date: Oct 31, 2019, $75,000,000 (Series B), Total Funding Amount: $220,000,000, Top Investors: Gilead Sciences, Andreessen Horowitz, University of Pennsylvania, Kleiner Perkins, Lilly Asia Ventures |
36 | 4D Molecular Therapeutics | Emeryville, CA, USA | Engineered AAV vectors | None | Public (FDMT) | Custom AAV capsids for multiple indications. Patents (2020–2024): 34 total (34 gene) |
37 | Abeona Therapeutics | New York, NY, USA | Rare disease gene therapies | None | Public (ABEO) | Focus on RDEB and CLN1 |
38 | Adverum Biotechnologies | Redwood City, CA, USA | AAV ocular gene therapy | None | Public (ADVM) | Wet AMD gene therapy. Patents (2020–2024): 26 total (23 gene, 3 vector) |
39 | Generation Bio | Cambridge, MA, USA | Non-viral genetic medicines | None | Public (GBIO) | Closed-ended DNA platform |
40 | Dyno Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | AI-driven AAV engineering | None | Private | AI to optimize AAV capsids |
41 | Metagenomi | Emeryville, CA, USA | Novel CRISPR systems | None | Public (MGX) | Metagenomic enzyme discovery for gene editing. Patents (2020–2024): 11 total (1 gene, 10 vector) |
42 | EdiGene | Beijing, China | Gene editing & therapy | None | Private | CRISPR-based therapies in development. Patents (2020–2024): 6 total (6 vector) |
43 | Celularity | Florham Park, NJ, USA | Placental-derived cell therapies | None | Public (CELU) | Off-the-shelf NK cell therapies |
44 | Rubius Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | Red Cell Therapeutics | None | Public (RUBY) | Engineering RBCs for immuno-oncology. Patents (2020–2024): 8 total (7 gene, 1 cancer) |
45 | Arcellx | Germantown, MD, USA | Controllable CAR-T | None | Public (ACLX) | ARC-sparX platform. Patents (2020–2024): 5 total (5 cancer) |
46 | Astraveus | Paris, France | CGT manufacturing solutions (with innovation) | None | Seed €10.4M | Microfluidic platform for scalable manufacturing. Funding Status: Seed, Last Funding Date: Oct 24, 2023, €10,400,000 (Grant), Total Funding Amount: €28,872,000, Top Investors: Bpifrance, EASME – EU Executive Agency for SMEs, Johnson & Johnson Innovation – JJDC, Bpifrance Large Venture, M Ventures |
47 | Inceptor Bio | Raleigh, NC, USA | Cell therapy for tough cancers | None | Early Stage Venture | Diversified cell therapy pipeline. Funding Status: Early Stage Venture, Last Funding Date: Oct 20, 2022, $15,875,000 (Debt Financing), Total Funding Amount: $87,645,000, Top Investors: Kineticos Ventures, Kineticos Disruptor Fund |
48 | Tevogen Bio | Warren, NJ, USA | Off-the-shelf T-cell therapies | None | Public (TVGN) | Allogeneic T-cells for viral infections/cancer. Funding Status: IPO, Last Funding Date: May 10, 2024, $36,000,000 (Post-IPO Debt), Total Funding Amount: $58,000,000, Top Investors: HMP Partners |
49 | CSL Behring | Melbourne, Australia | Global biotech in immunology/heme/CGT | None | Public (CSL) | Hemophilia B gene therapy & plasma products |
50 | CRISPR Therapeutics | Zug, Switzerland & Boston, MA | CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing therapies | Exa-cel (with Vertex) | Public (CRSP) | Pipeline in hemoglobinopathies, oncology. Patents (2020–2024): 57 total (46 gene, 6 vector, 5 cancer) |
51 | ImmunoACT | Mumbai, India | Advanced CGT startup | None | ₹800M Corporate | CAR-T development for emerging markets. Funding Status: Corporate Round (Unlisted as IPO/M&A), Last Funding Date: May 31, 2023, ₹800,000,000, Total Funding Amount: ₹1,397,500,000, Top Investors: Laurus Labs |
52 | Coave Therapeutics | Paris, France | Gene therapies for ocular/CNS | None | Private (€33.1M Series B) | AAV-ligand conjugates |
53 | Celyad Oncology | Belgium | Allogeneic CAR-T for oncology | None | Public (CYAD) | shRNA-based allogeneic CAR-T |
54 | Chimeron Bio | Philadelphia, PA, USA | Self-amplifying RNA therapeutics | None | $4.33M funding | ChaESAR RNA platform |
55 | Deep Genomics | Toronto, Canada | AI-driven RNA therapeutics | None | $241M total | BigRNA AI for RNA drug design |
56 | Dendreon | Seal Beach, CA, USA | Cellular immunotherapy for prostate cancer | PROVENGE | Commercial revenue | Autologous cell therapy pioneer |
57 | Editas Medicine | Cambridge, MA, USA | CRISPR-based gene editing therapies | None | ~$931.6M raised | In vivo & ex vivo CRISPR platform. Patents (2020–2024): 48 total (21 gene, 26 vector, 1 cancer) |
58 | eGenesis | Cambridge, MA, USA | Gene-edited xenotransplantation | None | $191M Series D | Multi-gene-edited porcine organs |
59 | Eyevensys | Paris, France | Non-viral gene therapy for eye diseases | None | $44.1M funding | Electroporation-based ocular gene delivery |
60 | Ferring Pharmaceuticals | Saint-Prex, Switzerland | ADSTILADRIN for bladder cancer | ADSTILADRIN | Private; $500M royalty deal | Gene therapy in oncology |
61 | Forte Biosciences | Dallas, TX, USA | Anti-CD122 mAb for autoimmune | None | $53M private placement | Targeting IL-2 pathway disorders |
62 | Genascence | Palo Alto, CA, USA | Gene therapy for osteoarthritis | None | FDA Fast Track GNSC-001 | IL-1Ra gene therapy for OA |
63 | GenSight Biologics | Paris, France | Gene therapies for retinal diseases | None | Public (SIGHT.PA) | Mitochondrial targeting, optogenetics |
64 | Cabaletta Bio | Philadelphia, PA, USA | T-cell therapies for autoimmune disease | None | Public (CABA) | CAART for B-cell-mediated conditions |
65 | Capricor Therapeutics | San Diego, CA, USA | Cell & exosome-based therapies (DMD) | None | Public (CAPR) | StealthX exosome platform |
66 | Regeneron | Tarrytown, NY, USA | Expanding in CGT, advanced biologics | None (CGT) | Public (REGN) | Acquired cell therapy programs, DB-OTO gene therapy |
67 | Ribo | Kunshan, China | RNAi therapeutics | None | Multiple RMB rounds | GalNAc RNAi for liver/CV/metabolic |
68 | Takeda | Tokyo, Japan | Global pharma investing in CGT | None | Public (TAK) | Cell therapy facility, gene therapy collaborations |
69 | Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical | Novato, CA, USA | Rare & ultra-rare diseases (gene therapy) | None | Public (RARE) | Diverse biologics/gene therapy pipeline |
70 | Vineti | San Francisco, CA, USA | Personalized therapy management platform | None | Series A-C funding | Software for CGT supply chain |
71 | Vericel | Cambridge, MA, USA | Cell therapies for cartilage & burns | MACI®, Epicel®, NexoBrid® | Public (VCEL) | Strong revenue, expanding indications |
72 | Verve Therapeutics | Boston, MA, USA | Gene editing for cardiovascular disease | None | Public (VERV) | Base editing for LDL-C/triglycerides |
73 | Vivet Therapeutics | Paris, France | Gene therapies for metabolic diseases | None | Private | VTX-801 for Wilson disease (Phase 1/2) |
74 | Voyager Therapeutics | Cambridge, MA, USA | Gene therapies for neurological diseases | None | Public (VYGR) | TRACER capsids, partnered CNS programs |
75 | Sangamo Therapeutics | Brisbane, CA, USA | Zinc finger & AAV gene therapies | None | Public (SGMO) | ZFN platform, Fabry, hemophilia programs |
76 | SQZ Biotechnologies | Watertown, MA, USA | Cell therapy for HPV16+ tumors | None | Public (SQZ) | AAC & eAPC platforms, strategic restructuring |
77 | Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals | Pasadena, CA, USA | RNAi therapeutics (cardiometabolic & more) | None | Public (ARWR) | SiRNA pipeline, strong partnerships |
78 | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | Cambridge, MA, USA | RNAi therapies for various diseases | Onpattro, Givlaari, Oxlumo, Amvuttra | Public (ALNY) | RNAi pioneer with multiple approved products. Patents (2020–2024): 73 total (73 gene) |
79 | Aspen Neuroscience | San Diego, CA, USA | Autologous iPSC for Parkinson’s disease | None | Private (> $220M raised) | iPSC-based personalized cell therapy |
80 | American Gene Technologies (AGT) | Rockville, MD, USA | Gene therapy for HIV & rare diseases | None | ~$78M funding | HIV functional cure in Phase 1 |
81 | Ionis Pharmaceuticals | Carlsbad, CA, USA | Antisense therapies | Spinraza, Tegsedi, Waylivra | Public (IONS) | Antisense leader, broad pipeline. Patents (2020–2024): 62 total (60 gene, 2 vector) |
82 | Allogene Therapeutics | South San Francisco, CA, USA | Allogeneic CAR T therapies | None | Public (ALLO) | Off-the-shelf CAR T for hematologic & solid tumors |
83 | NexImmune | Gaithersburg, MD, USA | AIM nanoparticle immunotherapy | None | Public (NEXI) | Artificial Immune Modulation platform |
84 | NextCure | Beltsville, MD, USA | Immunomedicines for oncology | None | Public (NXTC) | B7-H4 ADC, immunotherapy pipeline |
85 | Oxford Biomedica | Oxford, UK | Vector platform (Lentiviral), integrated innovation | None | Public (LSE:OXB) | Leading lentiviral vector developer & collaborator |
86 | Pluri Inc. | Haifa, Israel | 3D cell-based technology across industries | None | Public (PLUR) | 3D cell expansion platform |
87 | ReNeuron | Bridgend, UK | Exosome-based therapeutics | None | Public (RENE.L) | CustomEX platform for targeted delivery |
88 | Arcturus Therapeutics | San Diego, CA, USA | mRNA medicines & vaccines | None | Public (ARCT) | Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines/therapies. Patents (2020–2024): 23 total (23 gene) |
89 | Silence Therapeutics | London, UK | RNAi therapeutics targeting liver genes | None | Public (SLN) | GalNAc-siRNA pipeline |
90 | BioNTech | Mainz, Germany | mRNA-based immunotherapies | Comirnaty (COVID-19 vaccine) | Public (BNTX) | mRNA cancer immunotherapies, global leader. Patents (2020–2024): 36 total (29 gene, 7 vector) |
91 | Moderna | Cambridge, MA, USA | mRNA therapeutics & vaccines | Spikevax (COVID-19 vaccine) | Public (MRNA) | Expanding mRNA platform to rare diseases. Patents (2020–2024): 140 total (124 gene, 16 vector) |
92 | CureVac | Tübingen, Germany | mRNA therapeutics & vaccines | None | Public (CVAC) | mRNA platform for prophylactic & therapeutic use. Patents (2020–2024): 65 total (56 gene, 9 vector) |
93 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA | DNA medicines (cancer, infectious diseases) | None | Public (INO) | Electroporation delivery of DNA plasmids. Patents (2020–2024): 28 total (25 gene, 3 vector) |
94 | Senti Biosciences | South San Francisco, CA, USA | Gene circuit-engineered cell & gene therapies | None | Public (SNTI) | Programmable gene circuits for cell therapies |
95 | Graphite Bio | South San Francisco, CA, USA | CRISPR gene editing therapies | None | Public (GRPH) | Precise gene correction for genetic diseases |
96 | Century Therapeutics | Philadelphia, PA, USA | Allogeneic iPSC-derived cell therapies | None | Public (IPSC) | iPSC platform for NK & T-cell therapies |
97 | ArsenalBio | San Francisco, CA, USA | Programmable cell therapies for cancer | None | Private | Engineered T-cells with synthetic biology |
98 | Homestead BioPharma | Houston, TX, USA | Gene therapies targeting AML & cancers | None | Private | Early-stage gene therapy for oncology |
99 | Anew Medical | Omaha, NE, USA | CGT for cancer/neurological | None | IPO $15M | Developing gene/cell therapies for CNS & cancer. Funding Status: IPO, Last Funding Date: May 26, 2023, $15,000,000 (Post-IPO Debt), Total Funding Amount: $15,000,000, Top Investors: Gaensel Energy Group |
100 | Ambulero | Miami, FL, USA | Vascular gene therapies | None | Seed $5.5M | Gene therapies for vascular/ischemic diseases. Funding Status: Seed, Last Funding Date: Jan 25, 2021, $5,500,000 (Seed), Total Funding Amount: $5,500,000, Top Investors: Orphinic Scientific |
*International CGT patents based on database search results from 2020 to late August/early September 2024. For more on how CGT was defined in the search, check out the note in “Top 25 global leaders in cell and gene therapy patents.” Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy of data in this table, but mistakes or omissions may be present.
Methodology: This ranking prioritizes organizations that are actively shaping the cell, gene, and RNA therapy landscape through their clinical pipeline, technological contributions, and strategic positioning. Firms with FDA-approved therapies or late-stage (Phase 2/3) clinical candidates were generally elevated in the rankings. For example, Bluebird Bio appears at the top because it has multiple FDA-approved gene therapies and a track record of advancing candidates through clinical trials, including Zynteglo (approved in August 2022 for beta-thalassemia requiring regular transfusions), Skysona (approved in September 2022 for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy in young boys), and Lyfgenia (approved in December 2023 for sickle cell disease in patients aged 12 and older with a history of vaso-occlusive events).
Companies known for pioneering novel platform technologies or addressing multiple therapeutic areas were positioned more favorably. For instance, Beam Therapeutics, despite the absence of approved products, ranks higher than many earlier-stage ventures because it introduced base editing — a next-generation gene editing approach — and secured significant funding and partnerships.
In addition to the presence of FDA-approved therapies and the stage of clinical development, we considered patent activity (international patents from January 2020 to early September 2024) as a measure of innovation. Acquisitions and integrations were accounted for in aggregated patent data (e.g., Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche). The ranking also takes into account strategic alliances, depth of pipeline, novelty of technology platforms, and funding milestones. Through this multifactorial approach, the list highlights those making significant contributions to advancing the science and commercialization of cell, gene, and RNA therapies.
If you have suggestions or updated data to influence the rankings, feel free to reach out.
Filed Under: Cell & gene therapy