Swiss pharma giants Novartis and Roche consistently rank among the top pharma companies in terms of revenue. In 2024, the two companies are also leading in total international patent volume. Meanwhile, smaller firms like Incyte and Vertex Pharma are punching above their weight in market impact. For instance, Incyte, with a market cap of just…
Lyophilization: The basics
Lyophilization, defined as a freeze-drying process that removes water from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, is often messy, but filled with possibilities for potential applications. Some of the typical pharmaceutical products that would undergo lyophilization include bulk pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical ingredient (chemical or biologics found in nature), protein, collagen, peptide, oligonucleotide,…