The flu vaccine may reduce the likelihood of being hospitalized with stroke and heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes, according to new research.
The study, from scientists at Imperial College London, also found patients who received the influenza vaccination had a 24 percent lower death rate in the flu season compared to patients who weren’t vaccinated.
The team, who published their findings in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), studied 124,503 UK adults with type 2 diabetes between 2003 and 2010. Around 65 percent of these patients received the flu vaccine.
The scientists found that, compared to patients who had not been vaccinated, those who received the jab had a 30 percent reduction in hospital admissions for stroke, 22 percent reduction in heart failure admissions, and 15 percent reduction in admissions for pneumonia or influenza.
Furthermore, people who were vaccinated had a 24 percent lower death rate than patients who were not vaccinated.
The team also found a 19 percent reduction in hospital admissions for heart attack among vaccinated type 2 diabetes patients during the flu season; however, this finding was not statistically significant.
Dr. Eszter Vamos, lead author of the study from the School of Public Health at Imperial, said: “Most flu deaths every year occur in people with pre-existing health conditions such as type 2 diabetes. This study suggests the vaccine may have substantial benefits for patients with long-term conditions. Not only might it help reduce serious illness such as stroke—and possibly heart attack—in high-risk individuals, but it may also reduce the risk of death in the flu season.
“Currently more than one third of people with diabetes do not receive their flu vaccine year-by-year in England. By increasing the number of people receiving influenza vaccine annually, we could further reduce the risk of severe illness not addressed by other measures.”
Type 2 diabetes results in a person being unable to control their blood sugar properly and affects around 2.7 million people in UK. People with the condition are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, which includes heart disease and stroke, possibly due to high blood sugar levels damaging blood vessels.
Furthermore, flu infection has been found to increase the risk of heart attack or stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease, although scientists are unsure why.
In the UK, the NHS offers the annual flu vaccine to children and adults with underlying health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, as well as to all over-65 and pregnant women.
Professor Azeem Majeed, co-senior author from the School of Public Health at Imperial added: “There are few studies looking at the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in people with diabetes. Although there have been questions surrounding the effectiveness of the flu vaccine in recent years, this research demonstrates a clear advantage for people with diabetes. The findings of the study illustrate the importance of flu vaccine in reducing the risk of ill-health and death in people with long-term conditions. The flu vaccine is available free to these patients from GPs and pharmacists, and patients with diabetes should ensure they receive the vaccine every year.”
In the study, the team looked at a representative sample of 124,503 patients with type 2 diabetes from a number of GP surgeries in England. They then tracked these patients over a seven-year period and monitored the number of hospital admissions in this patient group for heart attack, stroke, heart failure, pneumonia, and influenza. They also looked at the number of deaths. The team then adjusted their figures for demographic and social factors, as well as existing health conditions.
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Filed Under: Drug Discovery
