Adaptimmune announced it has opened a Phase 1 and Phase 2 cohort, open label clinical trial in metastatic melanoma at Washington University.
Adaptimmune is focused on the use of T-cell therapy to treat cancer, with the body’s own machinery – the T lymphocyte– a cell that is being used to target and destroy cancerous cells. This trial is designed to investigate the safety, bioactivity and anti-tumor effect of patients’ own T cells that have been genetically modified to express a high affinity T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a type of tumor antigen (protein) known as a cancer testis antigen (CT antigen).
TCRs that have been developed using Adaptimmune’s TCR technology will be deployed to target two CT antigens: Mage-A3/6 and NYESO-1. T cell manufacturing will be performed at the Clinical Cell and Vaccine production facility at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania directed by Bruce Levine, MD.
The clinical trial design includes patients who have unresectable stage III/IV melanoma. Up to 12 patients will be enrolled in the trial over a period of two years, with six patients participating in each of the NYESO-1 and MAGE-A3/6 cohorts in accordance with a genetic randomization scheme based on a patient’s HLA-A type and tumor antigen status.
Carl H. June, MD at the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania and regulatory sponsor (FDA representative) for the study, and Gerald Linette, MD of Washington University’s division of Medical Oncology and Siteman Cancer Center, developed the study which was presented to the National Institutes of Health Recombinant DNA advisory committee in 2010.
“There’s a strong rationale for using immunotherapy for treating melanoma because its molecular signposts can be seen by the immune system and immunotherapeutic approaches have been effective in prior trials,” says June. “With this trial, we aimed to enhance response rates using gene-based personalized cell therapy that incorporates recent advances in vector design, TCR engineering, and the T cell manufacturing process.”
“TCR engineering is an important advance for cancer therapy,” says Linette. “This approach of infusing autologous TCR engineered T cells creates a uniform and high frequency response to tumor antigen known to be present in the patient’s cancer, and therefore it may overcome limitations previously observed with cancer vaccines.”
Patients enrolled on the study will have their T cells collected by leukapheresis, a procedure for collection of white blood cells. Once the manufacture of the genetically modified T cell product is complete, the patient will undergo cytoreductive chemotherapy to “make space” for the T cell infusion, followed a few days later with the infusion. The active phase of the study lasts three months, with up to one year of monitoring of patients responding to the treatment.
“The potential of adoptive T cell therapy to affect impressive antitumor responses in melanoma patients is generally established,” says James Noble, Adaptimmune’s chief executive officer. “The challenge now is how to achieve reproducible responses among patients using a commercially viable manufacturing process.”
Adaptimmune is the financial sponsor and owns the core T cell receptor technology.
Filed Under: Drug Discovery
